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- Path: ARISTOTLE.CS.UREGINA.CA!bayko
- From: bayko@ARISTOTLE.CS.UREGINA.CA (John Bayko)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.amiga.hardware
- Subject: Re: [Q] Can a chip be optimized for graphics?
- Date: 2 Jan 1996 21:44:18 GMT
- Organization: University of Regina
- Message-ID: <4cc8vi$a9g@sue.cc.uregina.ca>
- References: <4c1t9l$2n3@decaxp.harvard.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: aristotle.cs.uregina.ca
-
- In article <4c1t9l$2n3@decaxp.harvard.edu>,
- Zorro <berriz@husc.harvard.edu> wrote:
- >
- >I know very little about computer architecture, and I'm confused about
- >two seemingly contradictory statements I've heard. One goes: "certain
- >computer chips are optimized for fast graphics". The other one
- >states: "the speed of the graphics is entirely independent of the
- >chip's speed, and depends solely on the speed of video card". Is any
- >of these statements correct?
-
- "Graphics" can mean a lot of things, and can be implemented in many
- ways, so both those statements are true in different ways. Paint
- programs, image processing, and most games work directly on bitmapped
- images stored in memory and displayed on screen (or printed out).
- Drawing programs and simple CAD programs work on graphics primitives,
- such as lines, polygons and circles, which are rendered to create
- images. 3-D CAD programs and some games like DOOM create 3-D
- primitives (curved surfaces, 3-D polygons) which are converted to 2-D,
- then converted to images. And finally, programs use techniques like ray
- tracing to convert from 3-D images directly to images (this is much
- slower than converting to 2-D, then rendering, but produces much more
- realistic images).
- Here's a graph of how they relate, and where CPUs or graphics
- hardware are usually involved:
-
- Image on screen
- ^
- (display resolution|display hardware
- depends on this)|
- |
- Image in memory
- ^ ^
- / \
- Rendering:|CPU or graphics \
- (shading)|hardware \
- | \
- 2-D image \ Ray tracing
- (lines, polygons, circles) >(CPU only)
- ^ /
- Convert to 2-D:|CPU (or hardware /
- shadow mapping,|in high end /
- reflections, |workstations) /
- etc. | /
- \ /
- 3-D image
- (spheres, polygons, surfaces)
- (image maps, texture maps)
-
- Amigas have hardware to help with rendering, but no 3-D support -
- the CPU does the work there. Macintoshes and PCs typically have no
- hardware support, so the CPU does rendering as well as higher stuff.
- Add-in cards with graphics support are widely available, though.
- Many workstations have hardware that can transform 3-D objects to
- 2-D, and render 2-D objects faster than the CPU can, but more
- affordable ones usually don't. However, the CPUs are usually fast
- enough that they can do the job faster than graphics hardware in
- personal computers.
- Some recent CPUs have added instructions for graphics operations.
- The i860 has instructions for Z-buffering (which prevents distant
- objects from being drawn in front of objects closer to the viewpoint,
- when rendering 2-D objects converted from 3-D objects). And the
- UltraSparc CPU has instructions which can operate on groups of 4
- bytes simultaneously, which can quadruple the speed when rendering
- MPEG animation files.
- 680x0 and Intel 80x86 processors don't have any instructions like
- this, not even the new ones, but Intel is apparently going to add some
- to new Pentium Pro CPUs.
- I hope this helps a bit...
-
- --
- John Bayko (Tau).
- bayko@cs.uregina.ca
- http://www.cs.uregina.ca/~bayko
-